我非常喜愛學習語言。小時候看《國語日報》,覺得每個字旁邊的注音符號長相乾淨俐落,像鋼琴的琴譜;方塊字與小豆芽比鄰而居,聯手出擊,報起家門來語調鏗鏘、四聲分明,毫不含糊。初中開始接觸英語,彷彿發現了一種溫柔的音樂,語調在字句中的轉折,婉轉幽微;曼妙的字體身披西方文明的光華,伴隨著旋律起舞前進。讀英文是我中學時念完其他科目後給自己的犒賞,像飯後冰淇淋,吃完甜點,一餐才算完整。
曾經有一陣子不知名的夢中人皆以詩歌的形式對話,或許是格律詩,也或許是惠特曼奠定的自由詩體,煞是有趣。這一年不只與汪洋為鄰,連閱讀時也不經意地常與以大海為題的作品相遇。抬頭望望窗前的海天一色,低頭讀讀旦尼森的〈拍岸曲〉(Break, Break, Break),海潮聲早已盈滿耳際。
Break, Break, Break
Break, break, break, On thy cold gray stones, O Sea! And I would that my tongue could utter The thoughts that arise in me.
O, well for the fisherman ‘s boy, That he shouts with his sister at play! O, well for the sailor lad, That he sings in his boat on the bay!
And the stately ships go on To their haven under the hill; But O for the touch of a vanish'd hand, And the sound of a voice that is still!
Break, break, break, At the foot of thy crags, O Sea! But the tender grace of a day that is dead Will never come back to me.
譯文:
拍碎 拍碎 拍碎 拍碎在灰冷的岩塊 啊 大海
我多想能從嘴裡吐出
那湧上我心頭的思緒滿懷
啊 漁家男孩多麼快活
和妹妹嘻笑叫鬧
啊 少年水手多麼快活
在海灣乘舟放歌
一艘艘的大船
陸續駛進山下的避風港
啊 可我多想再碰碰那消失了的手
聽聽那已沉寂的嗓音
拍碎 拍碎 拍碎
拍碎在峭壁的崖腳 啊 大海
那逝去的美好時光
將永不再回來
1948年獲得諾貝爾文學獎的美國詩人艾略特(Thomas Stearns Eliot, 1888-1965)稱讚英國詩人旦尼森(Alfred, Lord Tennyson, 1809-1892)是「音律大師」與「憂鬱大師」(the great master of metric as well as of melancholia)。他的〈拍岸曲〉(Break, Break, Break)是他為22歲早逝的劍橋大學好友而寫的。詩裡面大量地使用長母音與雙母音押韻,加上運用感嘆辭「O」以及「Break」音中「k」的爆破音帶來的浪花擊岸的聲音、意象,使得這首詩朗誦起來讓人蕩氣迴腸。難怪詩人奧登(W.H. Auden, 1907-1973)認為旦尼森也許是「聽覺最敏銳的英國詩人」(the finest ear, perhaps, of any English poet)。
另外一首〈海戀〉(Sea Fever),則是寫盡了老水手對海洋的熱愛,樸實真摯。作者是在1930年成為英國桂冠詩人的梅斯斐(John Masefield, 1878-1967),他以海洋詩歌聞名。
Sea Fever
I must down to the seas again, to the lonely sea and the sky,
And all I ask is a tall ship and a star to steer her by,
And the wheel's kick and the wind's song and the white sail's shaking,
And a grey mist on the sea's face, and a grey dawn breaking.
I must down to the seas again, for the call of the running tide
Is a wild call and a clear call that may not be denied;
And all I ask is a windy day with the white clouds flying,
And the flung spray and the blown spume, and the sea-gulls crying.
I must down to the seas again, to the vagrant gypsy life,
To the gull's way and the whale's way where the wind's like a whetted knife:
And all I ask is a merry yarn from a laughing fellow-rover,
And quiet sleep and a sweet dream when the long trick's over.
譯文:(彭鏡禧、夏燕生譯)
我一定得再次出海,重回那荒寂的海闊與天空,
我只要一艘大船、一顆導航的星、
一個有力的方向盤、風的歌聲、鼓動的白帆、
以及破曉的灰色霧靄濛濛籠罩海面。
我一定得再次出海,因為那奔騰潮水的呼籲
是粗獷的呼籲是清晰的呼籲,叫人無法峻拒;
我只要一個起風的日子,有白雲飛揚、
有浪花翻滾、有泡沫吹濺、有海鷗啼唱。
我一定得再次出海,重做那流浪的吉普賽,
重回歐鳥出沒、鯨魚出沒、風如利刃的大海:
我只要聽同行的浪子笑談冒險生平,
以及漫漫長班後能有靜靜的睡眠和甜甜的夢境。
有些人可能因為詩精練的語言覺得詩抽象難懂而不喜歡它,就像美國詩人穆爾(Marianne Moore, 1887-1972)的短詩〈詩〉(Poetry)中慧黠靈巧地寫道:
I, too, dislike it.
Reading it, however, with a perfect contempt for it, one discovers in
it, after all, a place for the genuine.
譯文:(彭鏡禧、夏燕生譯)
我,也是,不喜歡它。
但,用完全鄙夷的態度,來讀,可以發現
其中,畢竟,有一片真。
詩中的「真」是我無法抗拒的特質,尤其是在日益「人為」的世界,在詩中常常能找著那片純然舒適與遼闊安詳,朗讀時更覺得跌宕有致,中外的詩皆如此。文藝復興時期的英國詩人納許(Thomas Nash, 1567-1601)說:「詩歌是百花之蜜、知識的精華、智慧的本質、天使的語言。」泰戈爾《漂鳥集》中的第204首很能表達我為何喜歡讀詩,也以此邀請讀者與我一起進入詩的國度吧!
The song feels the infinite in the air, the picture in the earth, the poem in the air and the earth;
For its words have meaning that walks and music that soars.
譯文:(傅一勤譯)
歌聲感到天空的無限,
繪畫感到大地的無限,
詩感到天和地的無限。
因為詩的語言,
有靈動的意義,
和翱翔的音樂。